Chapter 34 Review

A constant introduced by Einstein into his equations in an attempt to cancel the predictions of an expanding Universe.

The galaxy of over a hundred billion solar masses to which our Sun belongs.

Star system with an elliptical shape.

A non-symmetric galaxy that does not have a well-defined shape.

A simple relation where the actual brightness of stars can be determined by observing the pulsation period of a star.

Elliptical galaxy that contains over a trillion stars and has a mass much greater than the Milky Way.

A group of galaxies that is gravitationally bound together.

An observed relation between the recessional velocity of a galaxy and the distance to that galaxy.

Galaxy where the spiral arm pattern originates from a bar of material that passes through the nucleus of the galaxy.

A galaxy flattened into a disk shape with a pattern of spiral arms wound about a central nucleus.

A group consisting of clusters of clusters of galaxies.

A small group of about two dozen galaxies that is associated with our Milky Way.

A cosmological model that indicates that our Universe had a hot beginning when first created.

Part of the Hubble Law that gives the rate at which our Universe is expanding.

It appears that the expansion rate of the universe is increasing with time.

True False

Spiral galaxies are the most common type of galaxy

True False

Which statement is true about the Big Bang model?

The galaxies are, on the average, moving away from each other. The more distant the galaxies, the slower they are moving away from each other. The microwave background radiation that fills the Universe is left over from the fireball present in earlier stages of the expansion process. A certain amount of new matter is continually being created in space. The Universe has always been pretty much as we see it today, and it always will be. The heavy elements, like uranium, found on the Earth were created in the first few seconds of the Big Bang.

New data about the expansion of the Universe indicates that the majority of galaxies are

moving toward the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the slowest. moving away from the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the slowest. moving away from the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the fastest. moving toward the Milky Way galaxy with those farthest away moving the fastest. not moving with respect to the Milky Way galaxy.

When the spectrum of light from distant galaxies is measured, what is found?

The lines in the spectrum are shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum, with light from the most distant galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the spectrum are shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum, with light from the closest galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the spectrum are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, with light from the most distant galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the spectrum are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, with light from the closest galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The spectrum has lines in exactly the same place.

Which of the following causes some to speculate that our Universe included an era when all matter had a temperature at least as hot as the core of our Sun?

The presence of planets with elliptical orbits in the solar system The helium gas that visibly escapes stars when solar flares occur The presence of helium in older stars The presence of hydrogen in older stars The ratio of hydrogen to helium in interstellar gases

Two Cepheid Variable Stars, A and B, are seen in two different clusters. The absolute brightness of Cepheid variable stars can be determined by measuring how rapidly they change in brightness. Stars with longer periods produce more light. Star B has a longer pulsation period and appears about as bright as Star A. Which of the following is true?

A is farther away than B. A is closer than B. A and B are the same distance.

Which statement is true in the Big Bang model?

The big bang model correctly predicts the size of galaxies. The big bang model predicts that certain amount of new matter is continually being created in space. The big bang model predicts that the universe has always been pretty much as we see it today, and it always will be. The big bang model predicts that the universe will eventually collapse. The big bang model predicts that the universe will be filled with uniform low energy electromagnetic radiation.

The distance to the nearest few thousand stars can be determined by which of the following methods?

Triangulation Measuring Red Shift Radar Ranging

What would be the best method to determine the distance to a distant star about 100,000 light years away in our own galaxy?

Bounce a radar wave off of it and time how long it takes to make the round trip. Take pictures of the star 6 months apart and calculate the angle to star. Use those angles and the diamter of the Earth's orbit to calculate the distance. Measure its color and apparent brightness, then look on a H-R diagram to determine its absolute brightness. Then compare absolute and apparent brightness. Examine its spectrum to see how much it has been shifted. All of the above work equally well for distant stars.

Observations of galaxies outside own our local group of galaxies indicates that the universe is

shrinking. expanding. infinite.

A redshift in the spectrum of a galaxy indicates that the galaxy is

moving toward us. moving away from us.

When the absorption spectrum of light from distant galaxies is measured, what is found?

The lines in the absorption spectrum are shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum, with light from the closest galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the absorption spectrum are shifted towards the blue end of the spectrum, with light from the most distant galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the absorption spectrum are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, with light from the most distant galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the absorption spectrum are shifted towards the red end of the spectrum, with light from the closest galaxies being shifted by the largest amount. The lines in the absorption spectrum are in exactly the same place with no shifting taking place.

When measuring the positions of the lines in the absorption spectrum of stars in a certain galaxy, the lines are all shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum. This means:

the galaxy is moving toward the earth. the galaxy is close to the earth. the galaxy is getting farther away from the earth. the galaxy is a red giant. the galaxy is in the process of exploding.

Spiral galaxies typically contain large numbers of blue stars and bright nebulae, while elliptical galaxies typically contain mostly yellow and red stars. What can you conclude based on this information?

Spiral galaxies are actively forming new stars, while elliptical galaxies have little or no star formation going on. Spiral galaxies are moving towards us, while elliptical galaxies are moving away. Spiral galaxies are more massive than elliptical galaxies. Spiral galaxies eventually will evolve into elliptical galaxies. The stars that make up elliptical galaxies are younger than those found in spiral galaxies.

Chapter 34 Review

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